Description: An external interrupt is a signal from outside the CPU that interrupts the current execution flow. This mechanism allows the CPU to respond to events that require immediate attention, such as the arrival of data from an input device or the completion of an input/output operation. In computer architectures, external interrupts are fundamental for efficient resource management and interaction with the environment. These interrupts can be generated by hardware, such as timers, or by peripheral devices, such as keyboards and mice. Upon receiving an external interrupt, the CPU temporarily suspends its current task, saves its state, and transfers control to an interrupt handler, which is a set of instructions designed to manage the specific event. Once the interrupt has been handled, the CPU can restore its previous state and continue executing its program. This process is crucial for multitasking and real-time response in modern operating systems, where multiple processes must be managed efficiently. External interrupts, therefore, are an essential component in computer architecture, allowing for smooth interaction between hardware and software.
