Description: File access monitoring is the process of tracking and recording interactions with files in a computer system, aimed at detecting unauthorized access or changes. This process involves collecting data on who accesses which files, when, and what actions are taken, such as reading, modifying, or deleting them. Monitoring is carried out using specialized tools and software that allow system administrators and security personnel to identify access patterns, detect suspicious behaviors, and ensure data integrity. The relevance of this practice lies in its ability to protect sensitive data and comply with security regulations, as well as in preventing data leaks and cyberattacks. In an environment where information is a critical asset, file access monitoring becomes an essential strategy for maintaining data security and confidentiality, providing an additional layer of defense against internal and external threats.
History: File access monitoring has its roots in the development of operating systems and the growing need for security in computing. As computers became more common in various environments during the 1970s and 1980s, the need to protect sensitive information emerged. With the advent of multitasking and multi-user operating systems, access control mechanisms were introduced that allowed administrators to track who accessed which files. In the 1990s, with the rise of the Internet and the increase in cyber threats, file access monitoring became a standard practice in cybersecurity, driving the development of specialized software for auditing and analyzing access logs.
Uses: File access monitoring is primarily used in various environments, including business and government sectors, where data protection is critical. It is applied in compliance auditing, where organizations must demonstrate adherence to data security regulations such as GDPR or HIPAA. It is also used to detect and prevent internal fraud, as well as to investigate security incidents. Additionally, it is common in the management of sensitive data, such as financial information, medical records, and personal data, where any unauthorized access can have serious consequences.
Examples: An example of file access monitoring is the use of software like Splunk or SolarWinds, which allows organizations to track and analyze file access logs in real-time. Another case is that of financial institutions implementing monitoring systems to ensure that only authorized personnel have access to sensitive customer data. Additionally, many organizations use digital rights management (DRM) tools that include monitoring capabilities to protect intellectual property and ensure that documents are not accessed or shared without authorization.
