Description: SQL injection is an attack technique that exploits vulnerabilities in web applications by manipulating SQL queries. This technique allows an attacker to interfere with the queries that an application makes to its database. By inserting or ‘injecting’ malicious SQL code into input fields, such as forms or URLs, the attacker can gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, modify records, or even execute commands on the database server. SQL injection relies on the lack of validation and sanitization of user inputs, allowing malicious code to execute as part of the legitimate SQL query. This technique is particularly dangerous because it can be used to steal confidential information, such as user credentials, or to compromise the integrity of the database. SQL injection is one of the most common vulnerabilities in web applications and is a major focus in penetration testing, where security experts seek to identify and mitigate these weaknesses before they can be exploited by malicious attackers.
History: SQL injection was first identified in 1998 by security researcher Rain Forest Puppy. Since then, it has evolved over time as web applications have become more complex and attack techniques have improved. In 2000, the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) included SQL injection in its list of top security vulnerabilities, helping to raise awareness about this type of attack. Over the years, various tools and techniques have been developed to detect and prevent SQL injection, but it remains one of the most prevalent threats in the field of cybersecurity.
Uses: SQL injection is primarily used to gain unauthorized access to databases, steal sensitive information, modify or delete data, and execute commands on the database server. Attackers may use this technique to perform privilege escalation attacks, where they gain access to user accounts with higher permissions. It is also used in penetration testing to assess the security of web applications and help organizations identify and fix vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.
Examples: A famous example of SQL injection occurred in 2008 when an attacker exploited a vulnerability in the database of a credit card processing company, resulting in the theft of over 130 million credit card numbers. Another notable case was the attack on Sony’s database in 2011, where millions of user accounts were compromised due to SQL injection. These incidents highlight the severity of this vulnerability and the need for implementing adequate security measures.
