Description: The Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is an encryption method that combines data authenticity and confidentiality using symmetric key block ciphers. GCM is based on the combination of two techniques: the counter (CTR) mode for encryption and the Galois mode for authentication. This allows GCM to not only encrypt data but also verify its integrity, which is crucial in applications where information security is paramount. GCM is highly efficient and can be parallelized, making it suitable for high-performance environments. Additionally, its design allows for block processing of data, enhancing the speed of encryption and decryption. This mode is widely used in security protocols such as TLS (Transport Layer Security) and IPsec, where both confidentiality and authenticity of transmitted data are required. The combination of these features makes GCM a popular choice in the implementation of modern security systems, where protecting information is essential.
History: The Galois/Counter Mode was first proposed in 2007 by David A. McGrew and John Viega. Its design is based on the need for an operation mode that could provide both confidentiality and authenticity efficiently. Since its introduction, GCM has been adopted in various security standards, including the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and has been integrated into protocols such as TLS and IPsec, becoming a de facto standard for data security in networks.
Uses: GCM is primarily used in security protocols such as TLS and IPsec, where data protection in transit is required. It is also applied in secure storage systems and in protecting data in mobile and web applications, where integrity and confidentiality are essential. Additionally, GCM is used in cloud environments to secure data transmission between servers and clients.
Examples: An example of GCM usage is in the HTTPS protocol, which uses TLS to secure communication between browsers and web servers. Another example is its implementation in cloud storage systems, where data is encrypted before being sent to servers to ensure its security. Additionally, GCM is used in secure messaging applications, where the authenticity and confidentiality of messages are critical.
