Description: Genomic selection is a breeding method that uses genomic information to select plants or animals with desired traits. This approach is based on the analysis of genetic data to identify markers associated with specific traits, allowing breeders to make informed decisions about reproduction. Unlike traditional selection methods, which rely on phenotypic observation, genomic selection provides a more precise and detailed view of an organism’s genetic potential. This is achieved through the use of advanced sequencing technologies and data analysis, which allow for the evaluation of an individual’s entire genome. Genomic selection not only improves the efficiency of breeding programs but also accelerates the process of developing new crop varieties or animal breeds, thus optimizing agricultural and livestock production. This approach has become increasingly relevant in a world where the demand for quality and sustainable food is constantly rising, and where adaptation to environmental changes is crucial for the survival of many species.
History: Genomic selection began to take shape in the 2000s when high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies were developed. In 2001, the first draft of the human genome was published, sparking interest in genomics. Since 2007, the first studies applying genomic selection in livestock have been conducted, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving complex traits. Since then, its use has expanded to crops and other animal species.
Uses: Genomic selection is primarily used in agriculture and livestock to improve the quality and productivity of crops and animals. It allows for the early identification of individuals with desired traits, such as disease resistance, higher yield, or better nutritional quality. It is also applied in the conservation of endangered species, helping to maintain genetic diversity.
Examples: An example of genomic selection is its application in corn, where varieties have been developed that are more resistant to pests and diseases. In livestock, it has been used to improve milk production in dairy cows by selecting individuals with favorable genes for both quantity and quality of milk.
