Description: Geothermal energy is the energy derived from the heat stored beneath the Earth’s surface. This heat comes from various sources, including the decay of radioactive materials and the residual heat from the planet’s formation. Geothermal energy is considered a renewable energy source, as it can be sustained over the long term without depleting natural resources. Its utilization is achieved through technologies that allow for the extraction of this heat to generate electricity or for direct heating. Geothermal energy is particularly relevant in the context of digitalization and automation, where innovations combine with sustainable technologies to optimize energy production and consumption. Additionally, its use contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with global sustainability goals. The implementation of geothermal systems can vary, from large-scale geothermal power plants to geothermal heating systems in individual buildings, demonstrating its versatility and potential in the transition to a cleaner and more efficient energy future.
History: The use of geothermal energy dates back to ancient times when civilizations utilized hot springs for heating and bathing. However, modern development of geothermal energy began in the 20th century, with the first commercial geothermal plant in Larderello, Italy, which started operating in 1904. Since then, several countries, especially in volcanic regions, began to explore and develop this energy source. In the 1970s, interest in geothermal energy grew due to the oil crisis, leading to increased investment in research and development. Since then, technology has advanced significantly, allowing for the exploitation of geothermal resources in various parts of the world.
Uses: Geothermal energy is primarily used for electricity generation and heating. In electricity generation, geothermal plants convert steam or hot water from underground into electrical energy. For heating, geothermal heating systems utilize the heat from the ground to warm buildings and water. It is also used in industrial applications, such as food production and drying processes. Additionally, geothermal energy can be used in spas and wellness centers, taking advantage of hot springs for recreational and therapeutic purposes.
Examples: A notable example of geothermal energy is the Geysers geothermal power plant in California, which is the largest geothermal plant in the world and produces a significant amount of electricity. Another example is the geothermal heating system in Reykjavik, Iceland, which heats most of the city’s buildings using hot water from geothermal sources. In New Zealand, the Wairakei geothermal plant has been a pioneer in geothermal electricity generation since 1958.
