Description: The hazard ratio is a statistical measure used to compare the probability of a specific event occurring in two different groups over time. This concept is fundamental in the field of epidemiology and clinical research, as it allows researchers to assess the relationship between an exposure and a health outcome. The hazard ratio is calculated by dividing the hazard rate of the event in the exposed group by the hazard rate in the unexposed group. A value of 1 indicates no difference in risk between the two groups, while values greater than 1 suggest an increased risk, and values less than 1 suggest a decreased risk. This measure is particularly useful in survival analysis and clinical trials, where the aim is to understand how different factors may influence health outcomes over time. The hazard ratio not only provides information about the magnitude of risk but also helps identify potential risk factors and guide decisions in public health and preventive medicine.
