Description: Hydrokinetic energy refers to the energy generated from the movement of water, whether from rivers, currents, or tides. This form of renewable energy harnesses the force of moving water to produce electricity, making it a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Hydrokinetics is based on physical principles that allow the conversion of the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy and, subsequently, into electrical energy. Unlike large hydroelectric dams, which require the construction of reservoirs and can have significant environmental impacts, hydrokinetic energy can be captured using smaller and less invasive devices, such as floating turbines or tidal current generators. This technology not only helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also provides a constant and predictable energy source, as the movement of water is a renewable resource available in many regions of the world. Hydrokinetic energy presents a promising solution for diversifying the energy matrix and moving towards a more sustainable future while minimizing negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems.
History: Hydrokinetic energy has its roots in the use of water energy since ancient times, when water mills were used to grind grains. However, the modern development of hydrokinetic technology began in the 20th century, with research on converting energy from marine currents and rivers into electricity. In the 1970s, significant early experiments were conducted with current turbines, and since then, the technology has evolved, with an increasing focus on sustainability and reducing environmental impact.
Uses: Hydrokinetic energy is primarily used for electricity generation in areas where water flow is constant, such as rivers and marine currents. It can also be applied in distributed energy systems, where small installations can provide power to local communities. Additionally, its use in water desalination and pumping systems for agricultural irrigation is being researched.
Examples: An example of hydrokinetic energy is the ‘OpenHydro’ project, which uses underwater turbines to generate electricity from marine currents. Another case is the ‘RiverStar’ hydrokinetic energy system, which is implemented in rivers to harness their natural flow and generate energy sustainably.
