Description: Field robotics refers to the application of robotic technologies in real-world environments, where conditions are variable and often unpredictable. Unlike robotics in controlled environments, such as factories or laboratories, field robotics faces challenges such as uneven terrain, adverse weather conditions, and the need to interact with objects and humans in dynamic situations. This branch of robotics is characterized by the autonomy of robots, which must be able to make real-time decisions and adapt to their surroundings. Field robotics includes a variety of technologies, such as advanced sensors, artificial intelligence, and navigation systems, that enable robots to operate effectively in complex situations. Its relevance lies in the ability to improve efficiency and safety across various industries, from agriculture to space exploration, where human intervention may be limited or dangerous. In summary, field robotics represents a significant advancement in the ability of robots to interact with the real world, offering innovative solutions to complex problems.
History: Field robotics began to take shape in the 1980s when the first mobile robots capable of operating in outdoor environments were developed. One significant milestone was the development of robots for Mars exploration, such as Sojourner in 1997, which demonstrated the viability of robotics in hostile environments. Over the years, technology has evolved, incorporating advancements in artificial intelligence and sensors, allowing robots to perform more complex tasks in various challenging conditions.
Uses: Field robotics is used in various applications, including precision agriculture, where robots can efficiently plant, harvest, and monitor crops. It is also employed in space exploration, where rovers conduct research on planets and moons. Other applications include infrastructure inspection, search and rescue in disaster situations, and environmental monitoring.
Examples: A notable example of field robotics is the agricultural robot ‘AgBot’, which uses artificial intelligence to optimize planting and harvesting. Another example is the ‘Curiosity’ rover, which has been exploring the surface of Mars since 2012, conducting scientific analyses and sending data back to Earth. Additionally, drones are used for crop monitoring and infrastructure inspection, demonstrating the versatility of field robotics.
