Description: Input and output (I/O) refers to the communication between an information processing system and the outside world. This concept is fundamental in computing as it allows interaction between hardware and software, as well as between different systems. I/O encompasses a variety of devices and methods that enable data transfer, such as keyboards, mice, displays, printers, and networks. Input refers to the data sent to the system, while output refers to the data produced by the system and sent externally. Efficient management of I/O is crucial for application performance, as poor management can lead to bottlenecks and inefficient resource use. I/O includes the serialization and deserialization of data, enabling objects to be converted into a format that can be easily stored or transmitted, and then reconstructed in their original form.
