Description: Internet governance refers to the development and application of shared principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures that affect the global network. This concept encompasses a wide range of aspects, including the management of technical resources, content regulation, privacy and security protection, as well as promoting equitable and universal access to information. Internet governance is essential to ensure that the network operates efficiently and securely, and that users’ rights are respected. It involves collaboration among multiple stakeholders, including governments, non-governmental organizations, businesses, and civil society, to address the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital environment. Internet governance also faces ethical and political dilemmas, such as censorship, surveillance, and net neutrality, making it a topic of ongoing debate in the public and political sphere. In an increasingly interconnected world, Internet governance becomes crucial for fostering innovation, protecting human rights, and ensuring a safe and accessible digital space for all.
History: Internet governance began to take shape in the 1990s when the network expanded beyond its academic and military use. In 1998, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) was established to manage the domain name system and IP addresses. Over the years, multiple summits and forums, such as the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in 2003 and 2005, addressed the need for an inclusive and participatory approach to Internet governance. In 2016, the transition of IANA oversight from the U.S. to a global community marked a significant milestone in Internet governance.
Uses: Internet governance is used to establish policies that regulate access to and use of the network, as well as to coordinate the management of technical resources such as domain names and IP addresses. It is also applied in creating legal frameworks that protect user privacy and promote cybersecurity. Additionally, it is essential for addressing human rights issues in the digital environment, such as freedom of expression and protection against censorship.
Examples: An example of Internet governance is the work of ICANN in managing domain names and IP addresses. Another case is the development of cybersecurity policies by the European Union, aimed at protecting citizens in the digital environment. Additionally, initiatives like the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) provide a space for dialogue among various stakeholders on issues related to Internet governance.
