Description: The term ‘intradermal’ refers to a type of injection or procedure that occurs within the layers of the skin, specifically in the dermis, which is the second layer of skin located just beneath the epidermis. This method is used to administer medications, vaccines, or perform diagnostic tests. The intradermal technique is characterized by its ability to provoke a local response at the injection site, making it particularly useful in applications where an immune response or evaluation of skin sensitivity is required. Intradermal injections are performed with a very fine needle and at a specific angle, allowing the liquid to be introduced into the skin without penetrating into the subcutaneous tissue. This procedure is generally less painful than intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, and its use has become common in various areas of medicine, including dermatology and immunology. The intradermal technique is essential for administering certain vaccines, such as the tuberculosis vaccine, and for allergy testing, where the body’s reaction to specific allergens is evaluated.
History: The use of intradermal injections dates back to the 19th century when different methods of drug administration began to be explored. In 1866, German physician Hermann von Helmholtz conducted experiments that laid the groundwork for intradermal injection. However, it was in 1906 that French physician Charles Mantoux developed the Mantoux test, which uses intradermal injection to detect tuberculosis infection. Since then, this technique has evolved and has been used in various medical applications, including vaccine administration and allergy testing.
Uses: Intradermal injections are primarily used for vaccine administration, such as the tuberculosis vaccine, and in allergy testing, where the body’s reaction to specific allergens is evaluated. They are also used in the treatment of certain dermatological conditions and in the administration of medications that require a local response.
Examples: An example of intradermal use is the Mantoux test, which is used to detect tuberculosis infection. Another example is the administration of the flu vaccine in some cases, where a local immune response is preferred.
