Description: Layered security is an approach that uses multiple security measures to protect access to systems. This concept is based on the idea that by implementing several security barriers, the likelihood of an attacker gaining access to a system or sensitive data is reduced. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is one of the most effective strategies within this approach, as it requires users to provide two or more forms of verification before gaining access. These forms of authentication can include something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a token or mobile phone), and something the user is (like a fingerprint or facial recognition). The combination of these measures creates a more secure environment, as even if one layer of security is compromised, the others continue to protect access. Layered security is especially relevant in a world where cyber threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and its implementation has become essential to protect both individuals and organizations from potential security breaches.
History: Multifactor authentication has its roots in the need to enhance security in access to critical systems. Although authentication methods have existed for decades, MFA began to gain popularity in the 2000s, especially with the rise of cyber threats. In 2004, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the U.S. published guidelines promoting the use of MFA as a way to strengthen security in access to various systems. Since then, MFA has evolved with the incorporation of technologies such as biometrics and mobile device authentication.
Uses: Multifactor authentication is used in a variety of contexts, including access to online accounts, email systems, corporate networks, and cloud service applications. It is especially common in environments where the protection of sensitive data is critical, such as in the financial sector, healthcare, and public administration. MFA helps mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, even if a user’s credentials are compromised.
Examples: A practical example of multifactor authentication is the use of a code sent via SMS to a mobile phone, which must be entered along with the password when accessing an online account. Another example is the use of authentication apps, such as Google Authenticator, which generate temporary codes that the user must enter in addition to their password. Additionally, many institutions require users to authenticate using a physical token or an authentication app, along with their password, to perform important transactions.
