Description: Lidar mapping is an advanced process that uses laser detection and ranging technology to create high-precision three-dimensional maps of the environment. This technique is based on the principle of sending laser light pulses to an object and measuring the time it takes for the pulses to reflect back to the sensor. The collected data allows for the generation of digital terrain models, as well as detailed representations of structures and vegetation. Lidar mapping is characterized by its ability to penetrate vegetation and capture information about the ground, making it an invaluable tool in various applications. Its relevance lies in the accuracy and speed with which it can collect large volumes of data, surpassing the limitations of traditional mapping methods. Additionally, Lidar mapping can be performed from aerial platforms, such as drones or airplanes, as well as from terrestrial vehicles, providing flexibility in its implementation. This technology has revolutionized the way topographic studies, environmental analyses, and urban planning are conducted, offering a detailed and accurate view of the environment that facilitates informed decision-making across multiple disciplines.
History: Lidar technology has its roots in the 1960s when the first laser detection and ranging systems were developed. However, it was in the 1990s that Lidar mapping began to gain popularity, especially in topographic and cartographic applications. With advancements in sensor technology and equipment miniaturization, the use of Lidar rapidly expanded in the following decades, being incorporated into aerial and terrestrial platforms. In 2004, NASA used Lidar in its ICESat mission to measure glacier heights, marking a milestone in the application of this technology in scientific research.
Uses: Lidar mapping is used in a variety of fields, including topography, urban planning, natural resource management, archaeology, and natural hazard assessment. In topography, it allows for the creation of detailed maps of the terrain, while in urban planning, it helps model city growth and infrastructure. In natural resource management, it is used to monitor forest health and biodiversity. In archaeology, Lidar mapping has enabled the discovery of ancient sites hidden beneath dense vegetation. Additionally, it is applied in natural hazard assessment, such as flooding and landslides, providing crucial data for disaster mitigation.
Examples: A notable example of Lidar mapping use is the Amazon rainforest mapping project, where Lidar data has been used to identify and monitor deforestation and biodiversity. Another case is the use of Lidar in the city of Los Angeles to create 3D models of urban infrastructure, aiding in public service planning and urban development. In the archaeological field, the use of Lidar in Cambodia has uncovered the ancient city of Mahendraparvata, which was hidden beneath vegetation.
