Description: Lightweight cryptography refers to a set of cryptographic algorithms specifically designed to operate in resource-constrained environments, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, sensors, and embedded systems. Unlike traditional cryptographic algorithms, which may require considerable processing power and memory, lightweight cryptography aims to optimize the use of these resources while still ensuring an adequate level of security. This is crucial in a world where connectivity and data collection are on the rise, and where many devices cannot support the load of heavier algorithms. The main characteristics of lightweight cryptography include its efficiency in terms of speed and energy consumption, as well as its ability to maintain the integrity and confidentiality of data. The relevance of this technology lies in its capacity to protect information across a wide range of applications, from health monitoring systems to home automation devices, where security is essential but resources are limited.
History: Lightweight cryptography began to gain attention in the late 2000s, as the exponential growth of IoT devices and embedded systems posed new security challenges. In 2011, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the U.S. issued a call for the development of lightweight cryptographic algorithms, leading to the creation of competitions and the standardization of several algorithms. In 2013, the first lightweight cryptography competition was held, culminating in 2015 with the selection of several algorithms as candidates for standardization.
Uses: Lightweight cryptography is primarily used in IoT devices, health monitoring systems, smart cards, and home automation applications. Its optimized design allows these devices to maintain data security without compromising performance or battery life.
Examples: Examples of lightweight cryptographic algorithms include PRESENT, which is a block cipher, and HIGHT, which is a stream cipher. Both have been designed to be resource-efficient and are used in applications such as identification cards and access control systems.
