Description: Message integrity is a fundamental principle in digital communication that ensures a message has not been altered during transmission. This concept is crucial in various technological applications as it guarantees that the received information is exactly the same as the sent one, without modifications or manipulations. To achieve this integrity, techniques such as digital signatures and message authentication codes (MAC) are used, allowing verification of the content’s authenticity and integrity. Message integrity relies on cryptographic algorithms that generate a digest or hash of the original message, which is sent along with the message. Upon receiving the message, the recipient can calculate the hash of the received content and compare it with the sent hash. If both match, it can be concluded that the message has not been altered. This principle is essential in public key infrastructure (PKI), where digital certificates are used to authenticate the identity of senders and ensure message integrity. In the context of networking technologies, message integrity is vital for the security of communications, protecting sensitive data in various transmission environments, including virtual private networks (VPN) and content delivery networks (CDN).