Description: Microplastics are small plastic particles measuring less than 5 millimeters that pose a serious environmental threat. These tiny particles originate from the degradation of larger plastic items as well as from products specifically manufactured in small sizes. Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, found in oceans, rivers, lakes, and the air we breathe. Their small size allows them to be ingested by a variety of organisms, from plankton to fish and birds, raising serious concerns about the health of ecosystems and the food chain. Additionally, microplastics can act as carriers for chemical pollutants, exacerbating their negative impact. The growing concern over microplastics has led to increased research on their effects on human health and the environment, as well as the search for sustainable solutions to mitigate their presence in nature.
History: The term ‘microplastics’ began to gain attention in the 2000s, although plastic particles have existed since the invention of plastic in the 20th century. In 2004, the term was first used in a study documenting the presence of these particles in the ocean. Since then, research has grown exponentially, especially from 2010 onwards, when more systematic studies on their environmental impact and human health began to be conducted.
Uses: Microplastics are used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, cleaning products, and exfoliants. They are also found in synthetic textiles, where fibers shed during washing. However, their use in consumer products has come under scrutiny due to their environmental impact.
Examples: An example of microplastics in action is facial scrubs that contain plastic beads, which wash down the drain and end up in water bodies. Another case is polyester fibers that shed from synthetic clothing during washing, contributing to water pollution.
