Description: Monitoring techniques involve the practices and tools used to observe and analyze system performance and security. In the context of Zero Trust in cloud computing, these techniques are essential to ensure that every access to resources is validated and continuously monitored, regardless of the user’s location. This includes implementing tools that log and analyze network traffic, as well as user activity, to detect anomalous behaviors that may indicate a security breach attempt. In addition, monitoring techniques are crucial for protecting online transactions and sensitive customer information in e-commerce security. This involves using fraud detection systems, analyzing purchasing patterns, and real-time activity monitoring to identify and mitigate risks. In both cases, monitoring focuses not only on threat detection but also on the continuous improvement of security policies and system performance, thus ensuring a safe and reliable experience for users.