Description: Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that originates in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system by producing antibodies. In this disease, plasma cells multiply uncontrollably, leading to the production of large amounts of an abnormal protein called paraprotein or M protein. This accumulation of malignant cells in the bone marrow interferes with the normal production of blood cells, which can result in anemia, recurrent infections, and coagulation problems. Additionally, multiple myeloma can cause bone damage, leading to fractures and bone pain. Symptoms can vary but often include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and bone pain. The disease is more common in people over 65 years old and is more frequent in men than in women. Although multiple myeloma is considered incurable, there are treatments that can help manage the disease and improve the quality of life for patients, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation.
History: Multiple myeloma was first described in 1848 by British physician Henry Bence Jones, who identified an abnormal protein in the urine of a patient. Throughout the 20th century, significant advances were made in understanding the disease, including identifying its relationship with antibody production and developing treatments. In the 1960s, the first chemotherapeutic therapies were introduced, and in the 2000s, targeted therapies and monoclonal antibody treatments began to be used, significantly improving patient survival and quality of life.
Uses: Multiple myeloma is used as a medical term to describe a specific disease of the hematologic system. In the clinical setting, it is employed to classify and diagnose patients, as well as to guide treatment and disease management. Additionally, the term is used in scientific research to study cancer biology and develop new therapies.
Examples: An example of multiple myeloma is the case of a 70-year-old patient who presents symptoms such as extreme fatigue and bone pain. After undergoing tests, he is diagnosed with multiple myeloma and begins treatment with chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant. Another case is that of a younger patient who, despite being diagnosed with multiple myeloma, manages to control the disease with targeted therapies and maintains a good quality of life for several years.
