Description: Myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. These cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which are essential for the immune system. In myeloma, plasma cells multiply uncontrollably, leading to the production of large amounts of an abnormal protein called paraprotein or M protein. This accumulation of malignant cells in the bone marrow can interfere with the normal production of blood cells, causing anemia, recurrent infections, and coagulation problems. Additionally, myeloma can cause bone damage, resulting in fractures and bone pain. There are different types of myeloma, with multiple myeloma being the most common, characterized by the presence of multiple lesions in the bone marrow. The disease can be asymptomatic in its early stages, but as it progresses, symptoms become more evident and may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and bone pain. Diagnosis is made through blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and imaging studies. Myeloma is a complex disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach for treatment, which may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation.
History: Multiple myeloma was first described in 1848 by German physician Heinrich von Waldeyer, although its understanding has significantly evolved since then. Throughout the 20th century, advances were made in the identification and treatment of the disease, including the introduction of chemotherapy in the 1960s. In the 2000s, targeted therapies and innovative treatments were developed that significantly improved the survival and quality of life of patients.
Uses: Myeloma is used as a medical term to describe a specific disease affecting plasma cells. In the clinical setting, it is used to classify and diagnose patients, as well as to guide treatment and management of the disease. Additionally, the term is used in scientific research to study cancer biology and develop new therapies.
Examples: An example of myeloma is multiple myeloma, characterized by the presence of multiple lesions in the bone marrow and may manifest with symptoms such as bone pain and anemia. Another example is solitary plasmacytoma, which presents as a single lesion in a bone and may be treated differently.
