Description: Myopathy is a muscle disease characterized by the malfunction of muscle fibers. This dysfunction can manifest in various ways, including muscle weakness, pain, and fatigue. Myopathies can be of genetic, inflammatory, metabolic, or toxic origin, affecting the muscle’s ability to contract and perform its normal function. Symptoms vary depending on the type of myopathy and may include progressive weakness, cramps, stiffness, and, in some cases, alterations in respiratory or cardiac function. Identification of myopathy is carried out through a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests, electromyography, and muscle biopsy. The relevance of myopathy lies in its impact on patients’ quality of life, as it can significantly limit their ability to perform daily activities and participate in social life. Furthermore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing symptoms and improving muscle function.
History: Myopathy has been recognized since ancient times, although its understanding has evolved over time. In the 19th century, physicians began to classify muscle diseases and identify their characteristics. Throughout the 20th century, significant advances were made in genetic research and understanding the underlying causes of various myopathies, leading to the identification of specific conditions such as muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis.
Uses: The study of myopathy is essential in medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of muscle diseases. Diagnostic tests such as electromyography and muscle biopsy are used to identify the type of myopathy and its cause. Additionally, knowledge about myopathies allows for the development of specific treatments, such as physical therapies, medications, and, in some cases, surgical interventions.
Examples: An example of myopathy is Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a genetic disease that causes progressive muscle weakness. Another case is inflammatory myopathy, which includes conditions such as polymyositis, where the immune system attacks muscle fibers. These examples illustrate the diversity of myopathies and their impact on patients’ health.
