Description: The term ‘nadir’ refers to the point on the ground that is directly beneath an aircraft in flight. This concept is fundamental in aviation operations, as it allows operators and navigation systems to identify the exact location of the aircraft in relation to the terrain. Nadir is especially relevant in mapping and aerial photography applications, where precision in capturing images and geospatial data is crucial. In the context of aerial technology, nadir is used to establish altitude references and to ensure that captured images are properly aligned with the ground. Additionally, nadir can influence flight route planning, as operators must consider the topography and obstacles in the operational area. In summary, nadir is a key concept that helps operators better understand the relationship between the aircraft and the surrounding airspace, thus facilitating safer and more efficient operations.