Description: Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of one of the kidneys. This type of surgery can be total, where the affected kidney is completely removed, or partial, where only a part of it is extracted. Nephrectomy is usually performed under general anesthesia and can be carried out using open or laparoscopic techniques, the latter being less invasive and with shorter recovery times. The intervention takes place in a hospital setting and requires a specialized medical team, including surgeons, anesthetists, and nurses. Nephrectomy is a critical procedure in the treatment of various medical conditions, and its success depends on careful evaluation of the patient and the underlying pathology. Postoperative recovery can vary, but generally includes monitoring in the hospital and medical follow-up to ensure there are no complications. This procedure is fundamental in urology and oncology, and its proper execution can significantly improve the patient’s quality of life.
History: Nephrectomy has its roots in antiquity, although surgical procedures for kidney removal were formally documented in the 19th century. The first successful nephrectomy is attributed to German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg in 1869. Throughout the 20th century, the technique has evolved significantly, especially with the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in the 1990s, which has allowed nephrectomy to be performed with fewer complications and shorter recovery times.
Uses: Nephrectomy is primarily used in the treatment of severe kidney diseases, such as kidney cancer, traumatic injuries, severe infections, or chronic kidney diseases that do not respond to other treatments. It may also be necessary in cases of kidney donation, where a living donor undergoes partial or total nephrectomy to provide a kidney to a recipient.
Examples: An example of nephrectomy is the surgery performed on patients with renal cell carcinoma, where the affected kidney is removed to eliminate the tumor. Another case is partial nephrectomy in patients with small tumors, where most of the healthy kidney is preserved to maintain renal function.
