Description: The ‘non-equilibrium’ in the context of quantum computing refers to a state of a quantum system that has not reached thermal equilibrium. In simpler terms, this means that the particles within the system are not evenly distributed in terms of energy, which can lead to interesting and complex quantum behaviors. This state is crucial for understanding how quantum systems operate, as in thermal equilibrium, the properties of the system stabilize and become predictable. However, in the non-equilibrium state, interactions between particles can generate phenomena such as quantum coherence and entanglement, which are fundamental for the development of quantum technologies. Research in non-equilibrium systems also allows for the exploration of quantum phase transitions and other emergent phenomena that may not be observed in classical systems. In summary, ‘non-equilibrium’ is an essential concept in quantum physics that opens the door to new possibilities in quantum computing and in understanding the very nature of matter and energy.
