Description: In the context of quantum computing, the term ‘non-orthogonal’ refers to quantum states that are not mutually exclusive, meaning they cannot be represented as orthogonal vectors in Hilbert space. In quantum mechanics, orthogonal states are those that can be perfectly distinguished through measurement, while non-orthogonal states present a superposition that complicates this distinction. This property is fundamental to understanding phenomena such as quantum interference and non-locality, which are essential in the functioning of quantum algorithms and quantum communication protocols. Non-orthogonality implies that when measuring a quantum state, there is a probability of error in identifying the actual state, which has significant implications for the security of quantum information. Furthermore, non-orthogonality is a key concept in quantum information theory, where the capabilities of transmitting and processing information in quantum systems are explored. In summary, non-orthogonal states are a crucial aspect of quantum computing, as they challenge classical notions of distinction and measurement, opening new possibilities in the field of quantum technology.
