Description: Obesity is a medical condition characterized by an excess of body fat that increases health risks. It is commonly measured using the body mass index (BMI), which relates a person’s weight to their height. A BMI of 30 or more is considered obesity. This condition not only affects physical appearance but is also associated with a range of health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. Obesity can result from multiple factors, including genetics, behavior, environment, and diet. Additionally, it can significantly impact quality of life, affecting mobility, self-esteem, and mental health. Prevention and treatment of obesity often involve lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity. Awareness of obesity has grown in recent decades, becoming a public health issue worldwide, as obesity rates have dramatically increased in many regions of the world.
History: The term ‘obesity’ comes from the Latin ‘obesitas’, meaning ‘obesity’ or ‘excess fat’. Throughout history, the perception of obesity has varied. In some cultures, obesity has been seen as a sign of wealth and health, while in others it has been stigmatized. In the 20th century, obesity began to be recognized as a public health issue, especially in developed countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been working since the 1970s to address obesity as a global epidemic, promoting research and education on its risks and prevention.
Uses: Obesity is used as an indicator of public health to assess the well-being of the population. Statistics on obesity help governments and health organizations develop prevention policies and programs. Additionally, in the clinical setting, obesity is used to determine the risk of associated diseases and guide medical treatment. Interventions for obesity may include weight loss programs, nutritional counseling, and, in severe cases, bariatric surgery.
Examples: An example of the use of obesity in public health is the ‘Healthy People’ program in the United States, which sets goals to reduce obesity rates in the population. Another example is the use of awareness campaigns about obesity, such as ‘Obesity Awareness Month’, which aims to educate the public about the risks of obesity and promote healthy lifestyles.
