Description: Ocean acidification is the process by which oceans become more acidic due to increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This phenomenon occurs when CO2 dissolves in seawater, forming carbonic acid, which leads to a decrease in the water’s pH. Ocean acidification significantly impacts the ocean’s chemistry, affecting the availability of carbonates, which are essential for the formation of calcareous structures in marine organisms such as corals, mollusks, and some types of plankton. As the ocean acidifies, these organisms struggle to build and maintain their shells and skeletons, which can disrupt food chains and marine ecosystems as a whole. This process is one of the most concerning consequences of climate change, as it not only affects marine biodiversity but also has implications for fishing and food security for millions of people who rely on the oceans for their livelihoods. Ocean acidification is a global phenomenon that has accelerated in recent decades, highlighting the need to address greenhouse gas emissions and protect marine ecosystems.
History: The concept of ocean acidification began to gain attention in the 1980s when scientists started investigating the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on the oceans. In 1999, a key study by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) highlighted the relationship between increased CO2 and decreased pH in seawater. Since then, numerous studies have documented the impact of acidification on various marine species and ecosystems, leading to increased interest in research and environmental policy.
Uses: Research on ocean acidification is used to inform environmental policies and conservation strategies. Data on the effects of acidification on marine ecosystems are crucial for fisheries management and the protection of vulnerable habitats. Additionally, it is employed in environmental education to raise awareness about climate change and its effects on the oceans.
Examples: A notable example of the effects of ocean acidification is observed in coral reefs, which are particularly sensitive to changes in pH. Studies have shown that acidification can reduce the growth rate of corals, affecting biodiversity and the health of marine ecosystems. Another example is the impact on mollusk populations, such as oysters, which face difficulties in forming their shells in more acidic waters.
