Description: Operational Technology (OT) refers to the hardware and software that detects or causes changes through the direct monitoring and control of physical devices, processes, and events. This technology is fundamental in industrial and manufacturing environments, where constant interaction with machinery and production systems is required. Unlike information technology (IT), which focuses on data management and communication, OT deals with the operation and control of physical systems. Key features of OT include real-time monitoring capabilities, integration with field devices such as sensors and actuators, and the implementation of specific protocols for communication between devices. The relevance of OT has grown with the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), which allows for the interconnection of devices and data collection to optimize processes and improve operational efficiency. In this context, OT becomes an essential component for industrial automation, energy management, and facility safety, among others.
History: Operational Technology has its roots in industrial automation that began to develop in the 1960s with the introduction of process control systems. As technology advanced, more complex systems were integrated, such as distributed control systems (DCS) in the 1970s and 1980s. With the advent of digitalization and connectivity in the 1990s, OT began to merge with information technology, leading to the creation of more integrated and efficient systems. Today, OT has been driven by the rise of IoT, which allows for the interconnection of devices and real-time data collection.
Uses: Operational Technology is primarily used in industrial sectors such as manufacturing, energy, transportation, and critical infrastructure. Its applications include process control, factory automation, supply chain management, and energy system monitoring. Additionally, it is employed in smart building management, where lighting, HVAC, and security systems are controlled. OT is also crucial in industries like oil and gas, where constant monitoring of operations is required to ensure safety and efficiency.
Examples: Examples of Operational Technology include SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems used in managing electrical grids, process control systems in chemical plants, and automated machinery in factories. Another example is the use of IoT sensors in agriculture, where soil and weather conditions are monitored to optimize crop yields.
