Description: Order statistics are a set of measures obtained from the ordered values of a sample. These statistics allow for effective analysis and summarization of information, providing a clear view of the data distribution. Among the most common order statistics are the median, quartiles, percentiles, and ranges. The median, for example, is the value that divides the sample into two equal parts, while quartiles divide the data into four equal parts, and percentiles into one hundred. These measures are particularly useful in situations where data may be skewed or contain outliers, as order statistics are less sensitive to these anomalies compared to measures of central tendency like the mean. Additionally, order statistics are fundamental in data exploration, as they help identify patterns and trends in large and complex datasets. Their use extends across various disciplines, including statistics, data science, economics, psychology, biology, and engineering, where understanding data distribution is crucial for informed decision-making.
