Description: The term ‘orthogonal’ refers to concepts or components that are independent and do not affect each other. In computer graphics, orthogonality is used to describe coordinate systems where the axes are perpendicular to each other, making it easier to represent and manipulate objects in three-dimensional space. In cryptography, orthogonality relates to algorithms that operate independently, enhancing security by preventing the alteration of one component from affecting others. In quantum computing, orthogonality refers to the property of quantum states that are mutually exclusive, which is fundamental for measurement and quantum computation in general. This characteristic allows quantum systems to represent information more efficiently than classical systems, leveraging superposition and interference. In summary, orthogonality is a key principle in various areas of technology, providing a foundation for independence and efficiency in information processing.
