Description: Robustness to outliers refers to the ability of a statistical method to remain unaffected by outliers. In the field of statistics, outliers are observations that deviate significantly from other data in a set. These values can distort the results of conventional statistical analyses, such as the mean or variance, leading to erroneous conclusions. Robustness implies that a statistical method can provide reliable estimates and results even in the presence of these extreme values. For example, while the arithmetic mean is sensitive to outliers, the median is a robust estimator, as it is not affected by the magnitude of extreme values. Robustness is crucial in various applications, as in many fields such as data analysis, machine learning, and engineering, data may contain errors or unexpected variations. Therefore, robust statistical methods are essential to ensure that analyses are valid and useful, even under adverse conditions.