Description: Overhead bandwidth refers to the portion of a network’s total bandwidth that is used for the transmission of control and management information, rather than the actual transfer of user data. This concept is crucial in the realm of Quality of Service (QoS), as a significant part of the bandwidth can be consumed by communication protocols, control signals, and other administrative data necessary for the efficient operation of the network. Practically speaking, overhead bandwidth includes traffic generated by connection management, network status monitoring, user authentication, and the implementation of security policies. As networks become more complex and integrate multiple services, the proportion of bandwidth dedicated to overhead can increase, potentially affecting the network’s ability to handle user data. Therefore, understanding and managing overhead bandwidth is essential for optimizing network performance and ensuring that end users experience quality service. Measuring and analyzing overhead bandwidth allows network administrators to identify bottlenecks and adjust network configurations to improve efficiency and user experience.