Description: Palpation is the act of examining a part of the body by touch, generally to diagnose diseases or injuries. This method is fundamental in medical practice, as it allows healthcare professionals to obtain valuable information about the patient’s physical condition. Through palpation, characteristics such as temperature, texture, sensitivity, and tissue consistency can be identified. Additionally, masses, inflammations, or abnormalities that may not be evident through other diagnostic methods can be detected. Palpation is performed using different techniques, including superficial and deep palpation, and can be complemented by other physical examination methods, such as inspection and auscultation. Its relevance lies in the fact that it often provides initial clues about medical conditions that require attention, making it an essential tool in clinical assessment.
History: Palpation has its roots in ancient medicine, where it was used as one of the main diagnostic techniques. In ancient Greece, physicians like Hippocrates already employed touch to assess the health of their patients. Over the centuries, palpation has evolved, becoming integrated into formal medical practice during the Renaissance, when physical examination began to be systematized. With advances in anatomy and physiology, palpation became a more refined and precise technique, being fundamental in the training of physicians and in modern clinical practice.
Uses: Palpation is used in various areas of medicine, including general medicine, pediatrics, gynecology, and orthopedics. It is especially useful for evaluating the abdomen, where masses, distensions, or pain can be detected. It is also used to examine joints and muscles, allowing for the identification of injuries or inflammations. In clinical practice, palpation is an essential tool for initial diagnosis and monitoring the progress of a disease.
Examples: An example of palpation is the evaluation of the abdomen in a patient with abdominal pain, where the physician can identify areas of tenderness or abnormal masses. Another example is palpating the lymph nodes in the neck to detect inflammation or enlargement, which could indicate an infection or systemic disease.
