Description: Parameter constraints are limits imposed on the values that parameters can take during the hyperparameter optimization process in machine learning models. These constraints are fundamental to guiding the search process towards configurations that are not only viable but also effective. By setting limits, the optimization algorithms are prevented from exploring parameter combinations that could lead to poor performance or unstable model behavior. For instance, in a machine learning model, the learning rate can be restricted to values between 0.001 and 0.1, ensuring that the model does not converge too quickly or too slowly. Constraints can take various forms, including upper and lower bounds, type restrictions (such as integers or floats), and more complex conditions involving multiple parameters. Implementing these constraints not only improves the efficiency of the optimization process but can also contribute to the interpretability of the model, as it ensures that parameters remain within a reasonable and expected range. In summary, parameter constraints are a crucial tool in hyperparameter optimization, allowing for a more controlled and effective approach to finding optimal configurations for machine learning models.