Description: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a medical procedure that allows the placement of a feeding tube directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall, using endoscopic techniques. This procedure is performed under sedation and with the help of an endoscope, an instrument that allows visualization of the inside of the body. PEG is particularly relevant for patients who cannot eat orally due to various medical conditions, such as neurological diseases, cancer, or swallowing disorders. The placement of the gastrostomy tube provides a safe and effective route for the administration of nutrients, fluids, and medications, thus facilitating the nutritional management of these patients. Additionally, PEG is considered less invasive compared to traditional surgical gastrostomy, which reduces recovery time and associated complications. This procedure has gained popularity in the clinical field due to its effectiveness and the improvement in the quality of life of patients requiring long-term nutritional support.
History: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was developed in the 1980s by Dr. Michael A. Gauderer and his team at the University of North Carolina Children’s Hospital. This procedure revolutionized the way nutrition was administered to patients with feeding difficulties, providing a less invasive alternative to traditional surgical gastrostomy. Since its introduction, PEG has evolved and been standardized, becoming a common practice in hospitals worldwide.
Uses: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is primarily used to provide nutritional support to patients who cannot eat orally. This includes individuals with neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), strokes, or oncological conditions that affect swallowing ability. It is also employed in patients with gastrointestinal disorders that hinder adequate food intake.
Examples: An example of the use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is in patients with ALS, who may lose the ability to swallow as the disease progresses. Another case would be in patients with head and neck cancer, where radiation therapy can cause severe feeding difficulties. In both cases, PEG allows for adequate nutrition and improves quality of life.
