Description: A piezoresistive sensor is a device that changes its electrical resistance in response to applied pressure. This type of sensor is based on the piezoresistive principle, which states that certain materials experience a change in their electrical resistance when subjected to mechanical stress. Piezoresistive sensors are highly sensitive and can detect minimal variations in pressure, making them ideal for applications requiring precise measurement. Their construction typically includes a semiconductor or metallic material that deforms under pressure, resulting in a change in resistance. This change can be measured and converted into an electrical signal that can be processed by electronic systems. Piezoresistive sensors are compact, cost-effective, and easy to integrate into electronic systems, making them a popular choice in various technology fields. Their ability to operate under a wide range of environmental conditions and their robustness make them suitable for diverse industrial and commercial applications.
History: The piezoresistive principle was discovered in 1954 by American physicist William Shockley, who is also known for his work in the invention of the transistor. Since then, piezoresistive sensors have evolved significantly, especially with the advancement of microfabrication technology in the 1980s and 1990s, allowing for the production of smaller and more precise devices. As sensor technology advanced, its use expanded to various industries, including automotive, medical, and industrial automation.
Uses: Piezoresistive sensors are used in a wide variety of applications, including pressure measurement in hydraulic and pneumatic systems, blood pressure monitoring in medical devices, and in industrial process control systems. They are also common in consumer devices, such as smartphones and wearables, where they are used to detect pressure in touch screens and other controls.
Examples: An example of a piezoresistive sensor is the one used in manometers to measure pressure in piping systems. Another example can be found in pressure sensors used in medical devices, such as blood pressure monitors, which allow for accurate tracking of patient health.
