Description: Privacy risk refers to the potential threats to user privacy that can arise from the collection, storage, and use of personal data. In an increasingly digitized world, where information flows freely across various platforms and devices, privacy protection has become a paramount concern. This risk can manifest in multiple ways, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, mass surveillance, misuse of personal information by companies and governments, and lack of transparency in data handling policies. Privacy and data protection are essential for maintaining user trust and ensuring that personal information is not exploited. In this context, various approaches, such as federated learning, emerge as innovative solutions that allow artificial intelligence models to learn from distributed data without the need to centralize it, helping to mitigate some of the privacy risks associated with data handling. Meanwhile, privacy protection tools also play a crucial role in safeguarding user privacy by providing security measures that prevent unauthorized access and protect against malware that could compromise personal information. In summary, privacy risk is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires constant attention in the digital age.