Description: The ‘Ransom Note’ is a message presented to victims of a ransomware attack, a type of malware that encrypts files on a system and demands payment for their release. This message typically contains instructions on how to make the payment, which is usually requested in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin due to their anonymous nature. The note may include threats about the permanent deletion of files if the demand is not met within a specified time, as well as promises that, after payment, a decryption key will be provided to regain access to the data. Ransom notes are a critical component of attackers’ strategies, as they create a sense of urgency and desperation in victims, which can lead them to make hasty decisions. Additionally, the wording of these notes can vary in tone and complexity, ranging from simple and direct messages to more elaborate communications that attempt to build trust with the victim. In summary, the ‘Ransom Note’ is a central element in the ransomware ecosystem, symbolizing the threat and extortion faced by organizations and individuals affected by this type of cybercrime.
History: The concept of ‘Ransom Note’ became popular with the rise of ransomware in the 2000s, although the first examples of malware demanding ransom date back to the 1980s. One of the earliest documented cases was the ‘AIDS Trojan’ in 1989, which encrypted files and requested payment to restore access. However, it was from 2013, with the CryptoLocker ransomware, that ransom notes became a massive phenomenon, affecting thousands of users and organizations worldwide. Since then, the evolution of ransomware techniques has led to the creation of more sophisticated and threatening ransom notes.
Uses: Ransom notes are primarily used in ransomware attacks as a tool for extortion. Their purpose is to communicate to the victim the status of their encrypted files and the conditions for their recovery. Additionally, they can be used by attackers to intimidate victims and increase pressure to make the payment. In some cases, notes may also include instructions on how to communicate with attackers or access support services to resolve payment-related issues.
Examples: A notable example of a ransom note is the one accompanying the WannaCry ransomware, which affected hundreds of thousands of computers in 2017. The note demanded payment in Bitcoin and warned of file deletion if the deadline was not met. Another case is the Ryuk ransomware, which has been responsible for attacks on large organizations and also uses detailed ransom notes to intimidate victims.
