Description: Ransomware is a type of malicious software that encrypts data and demands payment for decryption. This type of malware infiltrates computer systems, blocking access to files or entire systems, and then presents a ransom demand, usually in cryptocurrencies, to restore access. Ransomware attacks can affect both individuals and organizations, and their impact can be devastating, resulting in the loss of critical data, operational disruptions, and significant financial damage. Ransomware spreads through methods such as phishing emails, software vulnerabilities, and insecure networks. Attackers often use fear tactics, threatening to publish sensitive data if the ransom is not paid. Prevention and mitigation of ransomware require a combination of good cybersecurity practices, such as regular backups, software updates, and user security education.
History: Ransomware has its roots in the 1980s, with the first known case, ‘PC Cyborg’, which was distributed in 1989. However, modern ransomware began to gain notoriety starting in 2005, with the emergence of more sophisticated variants like ‘Gpcode’. In 2013, the CryptoLocker ransomware attack marked a milestone in malware history, using advanced cryptography to encrypt files and demand ransom in Bitcoin. Since then, ransomware has evolved, with notable attacks like WannaCry in 2017 and NotPetya, which caused widespread havoc.
Uses: Ransomware is primarily used to extort individuals and organizations by blocking access to critical data and demanding ransom for its release. It has also been used in targeted attacks on critical infrastructure, such as healthcare and utility services, where service disruption can have severe consequences. Additionally, some attackers have begun to implement double extortion tactics, where they not only encrypt data but also threaten to leak sensitive information if the ransom is not paid.
Examples: Notable examples of ransomware include CryptoLocker, which spread through phishing emails and encrypted files on computers, and WannaCry, which affected hundreds of thousands of computers worldwide in 2017, exploiting a vulnerability in operating systems. Another case is the ransomware attack on Colonial Pipeline in 2021, which disrupted fuel supply on the East Coast of the U.S. and resulted in a significant ransom payment.
