Description: The term ‘sanguine’ refers to anything related to blood, but its most common use is associated with a type of temperament. In the theory of temperaments, which dates back to ancient Greece, sanguine is one of the four personality types, alongside choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. People with a sanguine temperament are generally described as sociable, lively, extroverted, and optimistic. They tend to be the center of attention in social gatherings, showing a great ability to communicate and connect with others. This temperament is characterized by a positive attitude towards life, high energy, and a tendency to enjoy experiences. Sanguines are known for their creativity and spontaneity, allowing them to easily adapt to new situations and people. However, they may also be perceived as superficial or inconsistent, as their focus on the present can lead them to neglect long-term commitments. In summary, the term ‘sanguine’ encapsulates not only a relationship with blood but also a set of personality traits that emphasize sociability and enthusiasm for life.
History: The concept of temperaments originated in ancient Greece, where Hippocrates proposed that health and personality were influenced by four bodily fluids: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. The sanguine, associated with blood, was considered a sign of vitality and energy. Over the centuries, this theory has evolved, being adopted and adapted by various thinkers, including Galen in the 2nd century AD and later in the Middle Ages. During the Renaissance, interest in psychology and personality led to greater exploration of these temperaments, influencing literature and philosophy.
Uses: The term ‘sanguine’ is primarily used in the field of psychology and personality to describe a type of temperament. It is also found in literature and art, where it is used to characterize characters or personalities. In medicine, although less common, it may refer to conditions related to blood or circulation. In the field of education and personal development, it is used to help individuals understand their own characteristics and how they interact with others.
Examples: An example of a person with a sanguine temperament could be an event entertainer, who excels at attracting crowds and maintaining a festive atmosphere. In literature, characters like Puck from ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ by Shakespeare exemplify the free-spirited and playful nature of the sanguine. In the workplace, an extroverted salesperson who enjoys interacting with clients and building relationships could be considered sanguine.
