Description: The leech is an annelid belonging to the group of hirudineans, characterized by its elongated and segmented body, which can measure from a few millimeters to several centimeters in length. These organisms are primarily known for their ability to feed on the blood of other animals, using their mouth equipped with suckers to attach to their host. Leeches have a closed circulatory system and can regenerate parts of their body, making them fascinating from a biological standpoint. Although they are traditionally associated with ancient medicine, where they were used for treatments of various diseases, their role in ecosystems is equally important, as they contribute to nutrient recycling in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Their appearance, often considered repulsive, is actually a reflection of their adaptation to a specific lifestyle, where mobility and suction ability are essential for their survival.
History: The use of leeches in medicine dates back to antiquity, with records from civilizations such as Egyptian and Greek. Hippocrates, the father of medicine, already mentioned their use to treat various ailments. During the Middle Ages, bloodletting with leeches became a common practice in Europe, used to balance the body’s humors. However, their popularity began to decline in the 19th century with the advancement of modern medicine and the understanding of human anatomy and physiology.
Uses: Leeches are used in modern medicine, especially in reconstructive surgery and regenerative medicine. Their saliva contains anticoagulants that help prevent blood clotting, which is useful in surgical procedures where a constant blood flow is required. They are also employed in the treatment of chronic wounds and in the revascularization of damaged tissues.
Examples: An example of the use of leeches in medicine is their application in plastic surgery, where they are used to improve circulation in skin grafts. Another case is their use in the treatment of bruises and edema, where they help reduce pressure and improve recovery of the affected tissue.
