Description: Scalable quantum computing refers to the ability to increase the number of qubits in a quantum computer while maintaining the system’s performance and coherence. Qubits are the fundamental units of information in quantum computing, analogous to bits in classical computing, but with the ability to exist in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition and quantum entanglement. Scalability is crucial because it allows quantum computers to tackle more complex problems and perform calculations that would be infeasible for classical computers. Achieving scalable quantum computing requires overcoming several technical challenges, such as quantum error correction, qubit stability, and efficient interconnection between them. Research in this field aims to develop architectures that can not only increase the number of qubits but also maintain quantum coherence long enough to perform meaningful calculations. Scalable quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields, from cryptography to the simulation of complex quantum systems, offering solutions to problems that are currently intractable with classical technology.
History: The idea of quantum computing dates back to the 1980s when physicist David Deutsch proposed a theoretical model of a quantum computer. However, the term ‘scalable quantum computing’ began to gain relevance in the 1990s when quantum algorithms like Shor’s for number factorization were developed. As research progressed, significant efforts were made to build practical and scalable quantum computers, highlighting milestones such as the creation of superconducting qubits and the implementation of quantum algorithms in experimental systems. In the last decade, companies and research institutions have intensified their efforts to develop scalable quantum computers, leading to significant advancements in the technology.
Uses: Scalable quantum computing has applications in various fields, including cryptography, where it can break current encryption systems, and in the simulation of materials and molecules, which could revolutionize chemistry and materials science. It is also expected to have a significant impact on optimizing complex problems in logistics and finance, as well as in the development of new drugs through accurate simulations of molecular interactions.
Examples: An example of scalable quantum computing is the superconducting qubit system developed by Google, which has demonstrated the ability to perform quantum calculations with an increasing number of qubits. Another example is IBM’s approach with its IBM Quantum platform, which allows researchers and developers to access scalable quantum computers via the cloud, facilitating experimentation and the development of quantum algorithms.
