Description: A smart card is a plastic device that contains embedded integrated circuits designed to securely store and process data. These cards are primarily used for authentication, allowing users to access systems and services through a method of identification that combines something the user has (the card) with something the user knows (such as a PIN). Smart cards can be contact-based, where they are inserted into a reader, or contactless, where they communicate via RFID technology. Their compact design and ability to perform cryptographic operations make them an essential tool in modern digital security. Additionally, their use has expanded beyond simple authentication, encompassing applications in areas such as identity management, access to various services, and protection of sensitive data. The versatility of smart cards makes them fundamental in the fight against fraud and unauthorized access, ensuring that only legitimate users can access critical information.
History: Smart cards were first introduced in 1974 by French engineer Roland Moreno, who patented the concept. However, their commercial use did not gain popularity until the 1990s, when they began to be adopted in Europe for applications such as identification and access to banking services. As technology advanced, smart cards evolved to include more sophisticated storage and processing capabilities, allowing their use across various sectors, from healthcare to public transportation.
Uses: Smart cards are used in a variety of applications, including user authentication in computer systems, access to secure facilities, digital identity management, and as a payment method in financial transactions. They are also common in public transportation systems, where they allow users to pay fares quickly and efficiently.
Examples: An example of a smart card is the EMV chip credit card, which provides an additional layer of security in transactions. Another example is government-issued identification cards that store personal and biometric information, used to access public services.
