Description: Supply Chain Management (SCM) refers to the supervision and control of the flow of goods and services from the acquisition of raw materials to the delivery of the final product to the consumer. This process encompasses a series of interconnected activities, including planning, execution, and monitoring of supply chain operations. In the context of Industry 4.0, SCM is transformed through the integration of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics, enabling greater visibility and efficiency in resource management. Business intelligence (BI) plays a crucial role by providing analytical tools that allow companies to make informed decisions based on real-time data. This not only optimizes logistics and reduces costs but also enhances customer satisfaction by ensuring that products are available when and where they are needed. In summary, supply chain management is an essential component for business competitiveness in an increasingly complex and dynamic global environment.
History: Supply chain management has its roots in the 1980s when companies began to recognize the importance of integrating their logistics processes. In 1982, the term ‘supply chain’ was popularized by the book ‘Supply Chain Management: The Definitive Guide to the New Model’ by Martin Christopher. Over the years, SCM has evolved with the incorporation of technologies such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) software in the 1990s and, more recently, the adoption of digital technologies in the Industry 4.0 era.
Uses: Supply chain management is used across various industries to optimize production, reduce costs, and improve customer satisfaction. It is applied in manufacturing, distribution, retail, and services, among others. Companies use SCM to coordinate activities such as raw material procurement, production, storage, and distribution of final products. It is also employed to manage relationships with suppliers and customers, as well as to implement sustainability strategies.
Examples: An example of supply chain management is Amazon, which uses advanced technology to manage its distribution network and ensure fast deliveries. Another example is Toyota, which implemented the Just-In-Time system to optimize its production and reduce inventories. These companies have demonstrated how effective supply chain management can enhance operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.
