Description: A test case is a set of conditions under which an evaluator will determine whether an application is functioning correctly. It is used in software development to validate that the functionalities of an application meet the specified requirements. Each test case includes a clear description of the functionality to be tested, the necessary steps to perform the test, the required input data, and the expected results. Test cases are fundamental to ensuring software quality, as they help identify errors and ensure that new functionalities do not negatively impact existing ones. Additionally, they facilitate communication between development and testing teams by providing a structured framework for software evaluation. Creating test cases is an essential practice in various development methodologies, including agile and traditional approaches, where high-quality software delivery is sought. In summary, test cases are critical tools that help teams ensure that software works as expected and meets end-user expectations.
History: The concept of a test case originated in the 1970s with the rise of software engineering. As systems became more complex, the need for systematic methods to validate software became evident. In 1979, Ian Sommerville’s book ‘Software Engineering’ formally introduced the idea of test cases as part of the quality assurance process. Since then, the practice has evolved with the development of agile methodologies and automated testing approaches, which have integrated test cases into faster and more efficient development cycles.
Uses: Test cases are primarily used in software development to validate functionalities, perform regression testing, and ensure the quality of the final product. They are essential in various development environments, including agile frameworks, where rapid iteration and continuous delivery are required. They are also used in user acceptance testing, where it is verified that the software meets customer requirements before release.
Examples: An example of a test case could be validating a login form on a web application. The test case would include steps such as entering a valid username and password, and verifying that the user is redirected to the homepage. Another example would be testing the functionality of a shopping cart on an e-commerce site, ensuring that items are added and removed correctly.
