Description: A test runner is a tool that executes tests and reports the results. These tools are fundamental in software development as they allow developers to verify that their code works as expected. Test runners can automate the execution of unit tests, integration tests, and functional tests, providing a framework to ensure software quality. Additionally, they often integrate with version control systems and continuous integration platforms, facilitating early error detection. Test runners can provide detailed reports on test performance, including metrics such as code coverage and execution time, helping teams identify areas for improvement in their code. In collaborative environments, such as those found in various continuous integration and deployment systems, test runners are essential for maintaining software quality throughout the development lifecycle, enabling teams to deliver more robust and reliable products.