Description: Low latency refers to a system’s ability to respond quickly to inputs or events, which is crucial in applications where response time is essential. In the context of real-time systems, low latency means that the system can process and react to events within a predictable and short time frame. This is fundamental in environments where decisions must be made in milliseconds or even microseconds, such as in industrial automation, telecommunications, aviation, and traffic control systems. The main characteristics of a low-latency system include the ability to prioritize critical tasks, efficient resource management, and minimization of interruptions. The relevance of low latency lies in its direct impact on the effectiveness and safety of operations, where any delay can result in failures or accidents. Therefore, real-time systems are specifically designed to ensure that the most important tasks are executed in a timely manner, thus maintaining the integrity of the system as a whole.
History: The concept of latency in computing has evolved since the early days of technology. In the 1960s, with the advent of time-sharing systems, the importance of quick response in interactive environments began to be recognized. However, it was in the 1970s and 1980s that the development of real-time systems was formalized, driven by the need to control industrial processes and embedded systems. Key events include the creation of systems designed to ensure predictable response times.
Uses: Low-latency systems are used in various critical applications, such as industrial automation, where precise control of machinery is essential. They are also employed in aviation systems, where quick response to changes in the environment is vital for safety. In telecommunications, they are used to ensure quality of service in real-time data transmission, such as in video conferencing and online gaming.
Examples: Examples of real-time systems with low latency include VxWorks, used in embedded and aerospace systems, and QNX, which is used in automotive and medical devices. Another example is FreeRTOS, which is popular in IoT applications due to its ability to handle multiple tasks with quick response times.
