Description: Thermal energy storage is a technology that stores energy by heating or cooling a storage medium. This process allows capturing excess energy generated during high production times, such as during the day in solar energy systems, and releasing it when demand is higher or production is low. Storage media can include water, molten salts, or phase change materials, which can efficiently store heat or cold. This technology is crucial for integrating renewable energy sources into the electrical grid, as it helps balance supply and demand, improving system stability. Additionally, thermal energy storage contributes to sustainability by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. Its implementation in buildings and industrial systems also allows for optimizing energy consumption, leading to more efficient resource use and long-term operational cost reductions.
History: The concept of thermal energy storage dates back to ancient times when simple methods like heat accumulation in stones or hot water were used. However, its modern development began in the 20th century, with the introduction of more advanced technologies in the 1970s, driven by the oil crisis. During this period, various techniques were explored, such as hot water storage and the use of molten salts. In recent decades, interest has significantly increased due to the need to integrate renewable energies and improve energy efficiency.
Uses: Thermal energy storage is used in various applications, including heating and cooling systems in buildings, concentrated solar power plants, and industrial processes that require heat. It is also employed in air conditioning systems, where cold is stored for later use, thus optimizing energy consumption during peak hours.
Examples: A notable example of thermal energy storage is the Ivanpah solar power plant in California, which uses molten salts to store heat and generate electricity even when the sun is not shining. Another case is the use of hot water tanks in commercial buildings, which allow heat to be accumulated overnight and used during the day.
