Description: Tidal energy is a form of hydroelectric energy that converts energy obtained from tides into useful forms of energy. This type of renewable energy is based on the movement of water caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun, as well as the rotation of the Earth. Tides generate a flow and ebb of water in oceans and seas, which can be harnessed to produce electricity. Tidal energy technology includes various techniques, such as tidal barrages, which use the height difference between high and low tides to generate energy, and tidal stream devices, which capture the movement of water in rivers and estuaries. This type of energy is considered sustainable, as it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions during operation and has a relatively low environmental impact compared to fossil fuel sources. Additionally, tidal energy is predictable and constant, making it an attractive option to complement other renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind.
History: Tidal energy has been used since ancient times, although its technological development began in the 18th century. In 1966, the first tidal power plant was inaugurated in La Rance, France, marking a milestone in the utilization of this energy source. Since then, several countries have explored and developed technologies to harness tidal energy, although its implementation has faced limitations due to costs and technical challenges.
Uses: Tidal energy is primarily used for electricity generation. Tidal power plants convert the movement of water into electrical energy, which can be used to supply local power grids or stored for later use. Additionally, research is being conducted on its use in water desalination and in hybrid energy systems that combine different renewable sources.
Examples: A notable example of tidal energy is the La Rance plant in France, which has a capacity of 240 MW and has been in operation since 1966. Another example is the Sihwa tidal power plant in South Korea, which is the largest in the world, with a capacity of 254 MW. In the UK, projects like the Bay of Fundy are being developed to harness the highest tides in the world.
