Description: A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the ground and a cumulonimbus cloud. This natural phenomenon is characterized by its funnel shape and destructive capacity, being one of the most violent weather events that can be experienced. Tornadoes typically form under severe storm conditions, where strong updrafts and downdrafts occur in the atmosphere. Wind speeds in a tornado can exceed 300 km/h, allowing them to cause devastating damage along their path. Tornado classification is done using the Enhanced Fujita scale, which assesses tornado intensity based on the damage caused. In addition to their destructive potential, tornadoes are also a subject of study in meteorology, as their formation and behavior are important indicators of atmospheric dynamics. The observation and analysis of tornadoes have led to the development of prediction and early warning technologies, which are crucial for public safety in tornado-prone areas.
History: The term ‘tornado’ comes from the Spanish ‘tronada’, meaning ‘storm’. Its use in the English language is documented since the 16th century. Throughout history, tornadoes have been a subject of study since ancient times, although scientific understanding began to develop in the 19th century. In 1887, American meteorologist William Ferrel proposed theories about tornado formation, and in 1950, meteorologist T. Theodore Fujita developed the scale named after him to classify tornado intensity. Significant events, such as the Tri-State tornado in 1925, which traveled through three states in the U.S., helped raise awareness of the dangers posed by these phenomena.
Uses: Tornadoes are natural phenomena that, although destructive, are the subject of study in meteorology. They are used to better understand atmospheric dynamics and improve prediction and early warning systems. Additionally, the study of tornadoes has led to the development of radar technologies and computational models that help predict their formation and path, which is vital for public safety in areas prone to these events.
Examples: A notable example of a tornado is the Joplin tornado, which occurred in 2011 in Missouri, USA, resulting in the deaths of 158 people and destroying thousands of buildings. Another case is the Moore tornado in 1999, which reached an EF5 intensity on the Enhanced Fujita scale, devastating much of the city and leaving a toll of 36 dead.
